Filioque

    "Filioque Controversy. An argument concerning the ‘Procession of the Holy Spirit’ that long disturbed the Eastern and Western Churches, and the difference of opinion concerning which still forms one of the principal barriers between them. The point was: Did the HOLY GHOST proceed from the Father and the Son {Filio-que), or from the Father only? The argument basically is this: If the Son is one with the Father, whatever proceeds from the Father must proceed from the Son also. The filioque was first introduced by the Western Church at the Council of Toledo in 589 and was added to the NICENE CREED in the 11th century. For both sides it was a profoundly important matter which could not be settled by compromise. For the Eastern Church Peter of Antioch said that to deny the filioque was ‘a wicked thing, and among wicked things the most wicked’, this was what Christ had meant as to the blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. Photius urged: ‘0 Latin, cease and desist from saying that there are many principles and many causes, and acknowledge that the Father is the one cause’. For the Western Church PETER DAMIAN argued that: ‘When the Holy Spirit is said to proceed from the Father, it is necessary that he proceed also from the Son, because Father and Son are undoubtedly of the same ousia.’"

"Filioque Controversy" in Dictionary of Christianity, editado por J.C. Cooper, Chicago, Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997, p. 94. 

anónimo

século XVII

Daqui